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Ukushoda kwe-Glyphosate kukhulu

Amanani aphindeke kathathu, futhi abathengisi abaningi abalindele umkhiqizo omningi entwasahlobo ezayo

U-Karl Dirks, olima amahektha ayi-1,000 e-Mount Joy, Pa., ubelokhu ezwa ngamanani aphakeme e-glyphosate ne-glufosinate, kodwa akatatazeli ngakho okwamanje.

“Ngicabanga ukuthi lizozilungisa lona,” usho kanje.“Amanani aphezulu ajwayele ukubiza amanani aphezulu.Angikakhathazeki kakhulu.Angikabi esigabeni sokukhathazeka, ngiqaphe kancane.Sizoyithola.”

I-Chip Bowling ayinalo ithemba kangako, nokho.Muva nje uzame ukufaka i-oda le-glyphosate nomdayisi wakhe wendawo wembewu nokokufaka, i-R&D Cross, futhi abakwazanga ukumnika inani noma idethi yokulethwa.

“Ngikhathazekile impela,” kusho u-Bowling, otshala amahektha angu-275 ommbila namahektha angu-1,250 kabhontshisi wesoya eNewburg, Md.Singaba nesivuno esincane kakhulu njalo eminyakeni embalwa, futhi uma sinehlobo elishisayo nelomile, kungabalimaza kakhulu abalimi abathile.”

Amanani e-glyphosate kanye ne-glufosinate (Inkululeko) adlule ophahleni njengoba izimpahla beziphansi futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi zizokwehla entwasahlobo ezayo.

Kunezici eziningi okufanele zisolwe, kusho u-Dwight Lingenfelter, uchwepheshe wokhula lwe-Extension wasePenn State.Kuhlanganisa nezindaba ezisalokhu zihamba ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, ukuthola i-phosphorus eyanele kumbiwa ukwenza i-glyphosate, izitsha zokubeka izinto zokuhamba, nokuvalwa nokuvulwa kabusha kwesitshalo esikhulu se-Bayer Crop Sciences eLouisiana ngenxa yeSiphepho i-Ida.

“Kuyinhlanganisela nje yezinto ezenzekayo njengamanje,” kusho uLingenfelter.I-Glyphosate ejwayelekile eyabiza u-$12.50 ilitha ngalinye ngo-2020, uthi, manje isizohamba phakathi kwama-$35 nama-$40 ilitha ngalinye.I-Glufosinate, ebingathengwa ngemali ephakathi kuka-$33 no-$34 ilitha ngalinye, manje ibiza ngaphezulu kuka-$80 ilitha ngalinye.Uma unenhlanhla yokuthola i-herbicide e-odwe, zilungiselele ukulinda.

“Kunomqondo othile wokuthi uma ama-oda efika, mhlawumbe kuze kube uJuni noma kamuva ehlobo.Ngokombono wokushiswa, lokhu kuwukukhathazeka.Ngicabanga ukuthi kulapho esikhona manje, ukuthi abantu bacabange ngenqubo yalokho okudingeka sikulondoloze, ”kusho uLingenfelter, wengeza ngokuthi ukushoda kungaholela kumphumela wokushoda okwengeziwe kwe-2,4-D noma i-clethodim, okokugcina okuyindlela eqinile yokulawula utshani.

Ilinde umkhiqizo

U-Ed Snyder weSnyder's Crop Service eMount Joy, Pa., uthi akathembi ukuthi inkampani yakhe izoba ne-glyphosate entwasahlobo.

“Yilokho engikutshela amakhasimende ami.Akufani nokuthi kunedethi ehlongozwayo enikeziwe,” kusho uSnyder.“Azikho izithembiso zokuthi singathola malini.Bazokwazi ukuthi iyini inani uma sesiyitholile.”

Uma i-glyphosate ingatholakali, uSnyder uthi amakhasimende akhe angase abuyele kwamanye ama-herbicides avamile, njenge-Gramoxone.Izindaba ezinhle, uthi, ukuthi ama-premixes wegama-brand ane-glyphosate kuwo, njenge-Halex GT ye-postemergence, asatholakala kabanzi.

UShawn Miller weMelvin Weaver and Sons uthi amanani emithi yokubulala ukhula anyuke kakhulu, futhi ubenezingxoxo namakhasimende mayelana nomngcele azimisele ngokuwukhokhela umkhiqizo nokuthi bangawelula kanjani igalani lomuthi wokuwubulala uma sebewutholile.

Akawathathi nama-oda ka-2022 njengoba yonke into inenani lapho izothunyelwa khona, umehluko omkhulu eminyakeni edlule lapho ekwazile ukubiza izinto kusenesikhathi.Noma kunjalo, uyaqiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizo uzoba khona lapho intwasahlobo iqala ukuzungeza futhi idlula iminwe yakhe.

“Ngeke sikwazi ukuyibiza ngoba asazi ukuthi amanani asho ukuthini.Wonke umuntu uyacasuka ngakho,” kusho uMiller.

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GCINA I-spray YAKHO: Izinkinga eziqhubekayo ze-supply chain zenza abalimi bangakwazi uku-oda i-glyphosate ne-glufosinate ngesikhathi senkathi yokukhula ka-2022.Ngakho-ke, gcina lokho onakho futhi usebenzise kancane entwasahlobo ezayo.

Ukulondoloza okutholayo

Kubalimi abanenhlanhla yokuthola umkhiqizo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uLingenfelter uthi bacabange ngezindlela zokonga umkhiqizo, noma bazame ezinye izinto ukuze badlule ekuqaleni kwesizini.Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ama-ounces angu-32 e-Roundup Powermax, mhlawumbe yehlise ibe ama-ounces angu-22, uthi.Futhi, uma okuhlinzekwayo kunqunyelwe, ukunquma ukuthi kufanele kufafazwe nini - noma lapho kushiswa noma kutshalwe - kungase kube inkinga, futhi.

Esikhundleni sokutshala ubhontshisi besoya abangama-intshi angu-30, mhlawumbe buyela emuva kuma-intshi angu-15 ukuze wandise i-canopy futhi uqhudelane nokhula.Yiqiniso, ukulima ngezinye izikhathi kuyindlela yokuzikhethela, kodwa cabangela izithiyo - ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zikaphethiloli, ukugeleza komhlabathi, ukuphula insimu yesikhathi eside yokungatshali - ngaphambi kokuthi udlule nje uklebhule umhlabathi.

Ukuhlola, kusho uLingenfelter, nakho kuzobaluleka, njengoba kuzoba nezinga elilindelekile mayelana nokuba nezinkambu ezihlanzekile.

Uthi: “Ngonyaka ozayo noma emibili, singase sibona amasimu anokhula.“Kulungele ukwamukela cishe u-70% wokulawula ukhula esikhundleni sokulawula ukhula ngo-90%.

Kodwa kunezihibe kulomcabango, futhi.Ukhula olwengeziwe lusho isivuno okungenzeka sibe ngaphansi, kusho uLingenfelter, futhi ukhula oluyizinkinga kuzoba nzima ukululawula.

"Uma usebenzisana ne-Palmer kanye ne-waterhemp, ukulawula ukhula okungama-75% akwanele," usho kanje.“I-Lambsquarter noma i-red root pigweed, ukulawula okungama-75% kungase kwanele.Izinhlobo zokhula zizosho ukuthi zingakhululeka kanjani ngokulawula ukhula. "

UGary Snyder wakwaNutrien, osebenza nabalimi ababalelwa ku-150 eningizimu-mpumalanga yePennsylvania, uthi noma ngabe iyiphi i-herbicide ezoba khona - i-glyphosate noma i-glufosinate - izonikezwa izilinganiso futhi idliwe ngezipuni.

Uthi abalimi kumele banwebe utshani bokubulala ukhula entwasahlobo ezayo ukuze izinto zisheshe ziwiswe, ngakho ukhula aluyona inkinga enkulu ekutshaleni.

Uma ungakayikhethi ingxube yommbila kuze kube manje, u-Snyder uphakamisa ukuthi uthole imbewu enezinketho zofuzo ezingcono kakhulu ezitholakalayo zokulawula ukhula ngemuva.

Uthi: “Into enkulu yimbewu efanele.“Fafaza kusenesikhathi.Qaphela isivuno ukuze ubaleke ukhula.Imikhiqizo yeminyaka yawo-'90s isekhona futhi ingawenza umsebenzi.Cabangela konke.”

U-Bowling uthi ugcina zonke izinketho zakhe zivuliwe.Uma amanani entengo esezingeni eliphezulu eqhubeka, okuhlanganisa neyokubulala ukhula, nentengo yezitshalo ingakhuphuki ukuhambisana nesivinini, uthi uzoshintsha amahektha amaningi awafake kubhontshisi wesoya ngoba kubiza kancane ukuwutshala, noma mhlawumbe uzowaguqula amahektha amaningi abe wutshani.

U-Lingenfelter uthemba ukuthi abalimi abalindi kuze kuphele ubusika noma intwasahlobo ukuze baqale ukunaka lolu daba.

“Ngiyethemba ukuthi abantu bakuthatha ngokungathi sína,” usho kanje.'Nginovalo lokuthi kuzoba khona abantu abaningi abazobambeka becabanga nje ukuthi bangakwazi, woza uMashi, baye kubadayisi babo bayofaka i-oda bese bethatha iloli elinemithi yokubulala ukhula, noma izibulala-zinambuzane, ekhaya ngalolo suku.Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba nokuvuka kabi ngezinga elithile.”


Isikhathi sokuthumela: 21-11-24